[Papyrus-L] help with import

[Dag Vongraven]

Hi everybody

In the bottom of this mail you will find some of the export file from Ref Man 11 using the MEDLARS format. In my version of Refman you can only pick a few formats i.e. RIS, MEDLARS, Comma delimited, Tab delimited and XML.

The import formats in Papyrus seem all to be bibliographical? Anyway, I am not near being successful. Appreciate all help.

Kind regards
Dag Vongraven
Norway



1
UI  - 2862
TI  - Habitat use of ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in the North Water area (North Baffin Bay)
MH  - BAFFIN-BAY
MH  - BAY
MH  - HABITAT
MH  - HABITAT USE
MH  - PHOCA-HISPIDA
MH  - PHOCA HISPIDA
MH  - RINGED SEAL
MH  - RINGED SEALS
MH  - SEALS
MH  - WATER
RP  - IN FILE
L1  - c:\Refs\pdf\Arctic57-2-129.pdf
SO  - Arctic 2004  ;57(2):129-142

2
UI  - 257
AU  - 't Hart L
AU  - Moesker A
AU  - Vedder L
AU  - van Bree PJH
TI  - On the pupping period of grey seals, Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius, 1791), reproducing on a shoal near the Island of Terschelling, the Netherlands
MH  - GREY SEAL
MH  - HABITAT
MH  - PINNIPEDIA
MH  - REPRODUCTION
MH  - STATUS
MH  - GREY SEALS
MH  - SEALS
MH  - HALICHOERUS GRYPUS
MH  - HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS
MH  - ISLAND
MH  - THE NETHERLANDS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde 1988  ;53():59-60

3
UI  - 2387
AU  - Aanes R
AU  - Sæther B
AU  - Øritsland NA
TI  - Fluctuations of an introduced population of Svalbard reindeer: The effects of density dependence and climatic variation
MH  - DENSITY
MH  - DENSITY DEPENDENCE
MH  - POPULATION
MH  - POPULATION DYNAMICS
MH  - RANGIFER TARANDUS
MH  - RANGIFER TARANDUS PLATYRHYNCHUS
MH  - REINDEER
MH  - SVALBARD
RP  - IN FILE
SO  - Ecography 2000  ;23():437-443

4
UI  - 2360
AU  - Aanes R
AU  - Sæther B
AU  - Smith FM
AU  - Cooper EJ
AU  - Wookey PA
AU  - Øritsland NA
TI  - The Arctic Oscillation predicts effects of climate change in two trophic levels in a high-arctic ecosystem
MH  - AO
MH  - ARCTIC
MH  - CASSIOPE TETRAGONA
MH  - CAT
MH  - CLIMATE
MH  - ECOSYSTEM
MH  - GLOBAL CHANGE
MH  - HERBIVORES - GENERAL
MH  - HERBIVORY
MH  - HIGH ARCTIC
MH  - PDF
MH  - PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS
MH  - RANGIFER TARANDUS PLATYRHYNCHUS
MH  - REINDEER
RP  - IN FILE
L1  - c:/Refs/pdf/Aanes1.pdf
SO  - Ecology Letters 2002  ;5():445-453

5
UI  - 927
AU  - Aaris-Sorensen K
AU  - Petersen KS
TI  - A Late Weichselian find of a polar bear (Ursus maritimus) from Denmark and reflections on the paleoenvironment
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - POLAR BEAR
MH  - URSIDAE
MH  - URSUS MARITIMUS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Boreas (Oslo) 1984  ;13(1):29-33

6
UI  - 1205
AU  - Aarstrand K
TI  - Short term effects of different water content in feed on blue fox (Alopex lagopus) and silver fox (Vulpes vulpes)
AB  - Twelve blue fox vixens and twelve silver fox vixens, both species supplied with two different watering systems, were given a pelleted commercial feed, either dry containing 94% dry matter (DM) or soaked, containing 45% DM. Total water intake was 3.0 g/g DM for silver fox and 4.0 g/g DM for blue fox. The difference between species was significant. The lower water content in the dry diet was fully compensated by a higher intake of drinking water in both species. Apparent protein digestibility and DM digestibility was 79 and 80% respectively for blue fox and 85 and 85% for silver fox. The difference between species was significant. There was no effect of water content in the diet. Water spillage from the drinking nipple system was significantly higher than that from the open drinking cup system. The volume of water spillage was 80% higher than the urine volume. The content of N, P and K in the manure DM was 13.6% and 2.3% for blue foxes and 18.2%, 3.1% and 2.9% for silver foxes. Differences between species were significant
MH  - ALOPEX LAGOPUS
MH  - ARCTIC FOX
MH  - BLUE FOX
MH  - DIET
MH  - DIGESTIBILITY
MH  - FUR SPECIES
MH  - LAGOPUS
MH  - LIVESTOCK FEEDING
MH  - NITROGEN-PHOSPHORUS-POTASSIUM MANURE
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - PROTEIN
MH  - PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY
MH  - VULPES
MH  - VULPES VULPES
MH  - WATER INTAKE
MH  - WATER TURNOVER
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1992  ;6(4):419-433

7
UI  - 2388
AU  - Aarvik S
AU  - Gjertz I
TI  - Den flyvende isbjørnen
MH  - POLAR BEAR
MH  - POPULAR
MH  - URSUS MARITIMUS
MH  - DEN
RP  - IN FILE
SO  - Fauna, Oslo 199  ;():12-13

8
UI  - 88
AU  - Abrams PA
TI  - The evolution of anti-predator traits in prey in response to evolutionary change in predators
MH  - MODELLING
MH  - PREDATOR/PREY
MH  - EVOLUTION
MH  - antipredator
MH  - TRAITS
MH  - PREY
MH  - PREDATORS
MH  - PREDATOR
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Oikos 1990  ;59():147-156

9
UI  - 515
AU  - Abrams PA
TI  - Life history and the relationship between food availability and foraging effort
MH  - FEEDING/FORAGING
MH  - LIFE HISTORY
MH  - OPTIMAL FORAGING
MH  - STATISTICAL METHODS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Ecology 1991  ;72(4):1242-1252

10
UI  - 2317
AU  - Abt KF
AU  - Hoyer N
AU  - Koch L
AU  - Adelung D
TI  - The dynamics of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) off Amrum in the south-eastern North Sea - evidence of an open population
MH  - DYNAMICS
MH  - GREY SEAL
MH  - HALICHOERUS GRYPUS
MH  - NORTH SEA
MH  - PDF
MH  - PINNIPEDIA
MH  - POPULATION
MH  - SEA
MH  - SEALS
RP  - IN FILE
L1  - c:/Refs/pdf/Abt-01-02.pdf
SO  - Journal of Sea Research 2002  ;47():55-67

11
UI  - 290
AU  - Ackman RG
AU  - Eaton CA
TI  - n-3 Docosapentaenoic acid in blubber of dam and pup grey seals Halichoerus grypus: Implications in the Inuit diet and for human health
MH  - GREY SEAL
MH  - MAN
MH  - PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - PINNIPEDIA
MH  - BLUBBER
MH  - PUP
MH  - SEALS
MH  - HALICHOERUS GRYPUS
MH  - INUIT
MH  - DIET
MH  - HUMAN
MH  - GREY SEALS
MH  - HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS
RP  - IN FILE
SO  - Can J Zool  1988  ;66():2428-2431

12
UI  - 1289
AU  - Adalsteinsson S
AU  - Hersteinsson P
AU  - Gunnarsson E
TI  - Fox colors in relation to colors in mice and sheep
AB  - Color inheritance in foxes is explained in terms of homology between color loci in foxes, mice, and sheep. The hypothesis presented suggests that the loci A (agouti), B (black/chocolate brown pigment) and E (extension of eumelanin vs. phaeomelanin) all occur in foxes, both the red fox, Vulpes vulpes, and the arctic fox, Alopex lagopus. Two alleles are postulated at each locus in each species. At the A locus, the (top) dominant allele in the red fox, A-r, produces red color and the corresponding allele in the arctic fox, A-w, produces the winter-white color. The bottom recessive allele in both species is a, which results in the black color of the silver fox and a rare black color in the Icelandic arctic fox when homozygous. The B alleles are assumed to be similar in both species: B-1 dominant, producing black eumelanin, and b, recessive, producing chocolate brown eumelanin when homozygous. The recessive E allele at the E locus in homozygous form has no effect on the phenotype determined by alleles at the A locus, while E-d, the dominant allele is epistatic to the A alleles and results in Alaska black in the red fox and the dark phase in the arctic fox. Genetic formulae of various color forms of red and arctic fox and their hybrids are presented
MH  - ALASKA
MH  - ALOPEX LAGOPUS
MH  - ARCTIC
MH  - ARCTIC FOX
MH  - FOX
MH  - INHERITANCE
MH  - LAGOPUS
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - RED FOX
MH  - SHEEP
MH  - VULPES
MH  - VULPES VULPES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Journal of Heredity 1987  ;78(4):235-237

13
UI  - 1977
AU  - Adam D
TI  - Royal Society disputes value of carbon sinks
MH  - CARBON
MH  - CARBON SINK
MH  - CLIMATE
MH  - CLIMATE CHANGE
MH  - POLITICS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Nature 2001  ;412():108

14
UI  - 1489
AU  - Adamczewski JZ
AU  - Flood PF
AU  - Gunn A
TI  - Body composition of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) and its estimation from condition index and mass measurements
AB  - We used data on the anatomical and chemical body composition of 22 muskoxen (7 adult females, 6 subadult females, 2 yearlings, 5 calves, and 2 near-term fetuses) from Victoria Island, Northwest Territories, to evaluate basic patterns of body composition and allometric growth in this species and to assess methods of estimating body composition from mass and index measurements. Ingesta-free body mass (IFBM) ranged from 9 kg in the 2 fetuses to 150 kg in the largest cow, and fatness from 2.0% of IFBM in a newborn calf to 29.0% in a mature cow. The proportion of fat increased most rapidly in muskoxen with IFBM gtoreq 100 kg. In the fatter females, about 33% of the fat was intermuscular, 27% subcutaneous, 20% abdominal, and 13% intramuscular. In muskoxen gtoreq 3 years old, ingesta accounted for 26.8 +- 1.1% of body mass and pelage for 4-4.5% of IFBM. Muscle mass was best estimated from masses of individual muscles, protein mass from IFBM, bone mass from the masses of limb bones, and ash mass from IFBM. Dissectible and total fat masses were less predictable, and were best estimated by multiple regressions combining kidney fat mass and a measure of body mass with up to three other measurements. Body composition and fat distribution in muskoxen were similar to those in cattle and sheep and the extent of fattening exceeded that reported in wild ruminants except for Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus)
MH  - ADULT
MH  - BODY MASS
MH  - BONE
MH  - CALF
MH  - CANADA
MH  - CATTLE
MH  - DISTRIBUTION
MH  - FAT TISSUE
MH  - FAT CONTENT
MH  - FATNESS
MH  - FEMALE
MH  - FETUS
MH  - GROWTH
MH  - KIDNEY
MH  - METHODS TECHNIQUES AND EQUIPMENT
MH  - MUSCLE
MH  - NEWBORN
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - NORTHWEST TERRITORIES
MH  - OVIBOS MOSCHATUS
MH  - PROTEIN
MH  - RANGIFER TARANDUS
MH  - RANGIFER TARANDUS PLATYRHYNCHUS
MH  - REINDEER
MH  - SHEEP
MH  - SUBADULT
MH  - SVALBARD
MH  - SVALBARDREIN
MH  - VICTORIA
MH  - YEARLING
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Can J Zool  1995  ;73(11):2021-2034

15
UI  - 1104
AU  - Adams G
AU  - Spotte S
TI  - Effects of tertiary methods on total organic carbon removal in saline, closed-system marine mammal pools
MH  - ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
MH  - AQUARIA
MH  - MARINE MAMMALS - GENERAL
MH  - METHODS TECHNIQUES AND EQUIPMENT
MH  - WATER POLLUTION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - American Journal of Veterinary Research 1980  ;41(9):1470-1474

16
UI  - 141
AU  - Adams SM
AU  - Shugart LR
AU  - Southworth GR
TI  - Application of bioindicators in assessing the health of fish populations experiencing contaminant stress. Unpubl. report, Report to the US Dept. of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC05-84OR21400
MH  - BIOMARKER
MH  - FISH
MH  - INCOMPLETE
MH  - POLLUTION
MH  - BIOINDICATOR
MH  - POPULATIONS
MH  - POPULATION
MH  - STRESS
MH  - ENERGY
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  -  1919  ;():

17
UI  - 142
AU  - Adams SM
AU  - Shepard KL
AU  - Greeley J
AU  - Jimenez BD
AU  - Ryon MG
AU  - Shugart LR
AU  - McCarthy JF
TI  - The use of bioindicators for assessing the effects of pollutant stress on fish
MH  - BIOMARKER
MH  - FISH
MH  - INCOMPLETE
MH  - POLLUTION
MH  - BIOINDICATOR
MH  - STRESS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Marine Environmental Research 1989  ;28():

18
UI  - 276
AU  - Addison RF
AU  - Brodie PF
TI  - Transfer of organochlorine residues from blubber through the circulatory system to milk in the lactating grey seal Halichoerus grypus
MH  - GREY SEAL
MH  - LACTATION
MH  - PCB
MH  - PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - PINNIPEDIA
MH  - POLLUTION
MH  - organochlorine
MH  - ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES
MH  - RESIDUES
MH  - BLUBBER
MH  - SYSTEM
MH  - MILK
MH  - HALICHOERUS GRYPUS
MH  - HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1987  ;44():782-786

19
UI  - 1048
AU  - Addison RF
TI  - Organochlorines and marine mammal reproduction
MH  - BELUGA
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - ODONTOCETI
MH  - ORGANOCHLORINES
MH  - REPRODUCTION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1989  ;46(2):360-368

20
UI  - 621
AU  - Addison RF
AU  - Stobo WT
TI  - Organochlorine residue concentrations and burdens in grey seal Halichoerus grypus blubber during the first year of life
MH  - DDT
MH  - GREY SEAL
MH  - HALICHOERUS GRYPUS
MH  - PCB
MH  - PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - PINNIPEDIA
MH  - POLLUTION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - J Zool , Lond  1993  ;230():443-450

21
UI  - 1682
AU  - Addison RF
AU  - Ikonomou MG
AU  - Stobo WT
TI  - Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans and non-orthe- and mono-ortho-chlorine substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) from Sable Island, Nova Scotia, in 1995
MH  - BLOOD
MH  - BLUBBER
MH  - CANADA
MH  - DIOXINS
MH  - ECOTOXICOLOGY
MH  - GREY SEAL
MH  - HALICHOERUS GRYPUS
MH  - MILK
MH  - NORTHWEST ATLANTIC
MH  - PCB
MH  - PINNIPEDIA
MH  - POLLUTION
MH  - POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Marine Environmental Research 1999  ;47():225-240

22
UI  - 1807
AU  - Agardy MT
TI  - Accomodating ecotourism in multiple use planning of coastal and marine protected areas
MH  - COASTAL HABITAT
MH  - ECOTOURISM
MH  - MARINE
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - PROTECTED AREAS
MH  - TOURISM
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Ocean and Coastal Management 1993  ;20(3):219

23
UI  - 1803
AU  - Agardy MT
TI  - Advances in marine conservation: the role of marine protected areas
MH  - CONSERVATION
MH  - MARINE
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - PROTECTED AREAS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Trends in Ecology and Evolution 1994  ;9():267

24
UI  - 2038
AU  - Agardy T
TI  - Creating heavens for marine mammals
MH  - LEGISLATION
MH  - MAMMALS
MH  - MANAGEMENT
MH  - MARINE
MH  - PROTECTED AREAS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Issues in Science and Technology 1999  ;Fall 1999():37-44

25
UI  - 1570
AU  - Agnew DJ
TI  - The CCAMLR ecosystem monitoring programme
MH  - ANTARCTICA
MH  - ECOSYSTEM
MH  - ECOSYSTEM - TERRESTRIAL
MH  - FISHERY
MH  - KRILL
MH  - LAGOPUS
MH  - MODELLING
MH  - MONITORING
MH  - NUTRITION
MH  - PREDATOR/PREY
MH  - PTARMIGAN
MH  - REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS
MH  - SVALBARDRYPE]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Antarctic Science 1997  ;9(3):235-242

26
UI  - 1141
AU  - Ahlstrom O
AU  - Skrede A
TI  - Fish oil as an energy source for blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) and mink (Mustela vison) in the growing-furring period
AB  - This investigation addressed the effects of fish oil given as different dietary fat: carbohydrate (F: C) ratios on digestibility, some physiological parameters and production performance in blue foxes and mink. Blue foxes digested the main nutrients more efficiently than did mink. Increasing the F: C ratio resulted in faster growth and heavier final body weights in blue foxes, but had no such effect on growth performance in mink. Analysis of blood lipids and plasma compounds related to the anti-oxidative system and liver vitamin E revealed few significant differences between diets. In mink, there was a significant relationship between dietary level of fish oil and vitamin-E status. Significant differences between species were found for hematocrit, haemoglobin, plasma vitamin-E liver, vitamin E, plasma triacylglycerols, plasma superoxide dismutase and plasma ASAT. As there were no clinical symptoms of malfunctions in the anti-oxidative system, it was concluded that both species tolerate high levels of good-quality fish oil. In blue foxes, fur-quality characteristics were little influenced by the F:C ratio. In mink, fur-quality characteristics were highest in the intermediate F:C ratios, whereas the highest F:C ratio (60:10) tended to reduce skin length and length of guard fur
MH  - ALOPEX LAGOPUS
MH  - ANEMIA
MH  - ARCTIC FOX
MH  - BLOOD
MH  - BLUE FOX
MH  - BODY WEIGHT
MH  - CARBOHYDRATE
MH  - DIET
MH  - DIGESTIBILITY
MH  - ENERGY
MH  - FAT TISSUE
MH  - FISH
MH  - FISH OIL
MH  - FUR
MH  - FUR QUALITY
MH  - LAGOPUS
MH  - LIPID
MH  - LIVER
MH  - MINK
MH  - MORTALITY
MH  - MUSTELA VISON
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - PERFORMANCE
MH  - POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID
MH  - SKIN
MH  - STATUS
MH  - TOXICITY
MH  - TRIACYLGLYCEROL
MH  - VITAMIN E
MH  - YELLOW-FAT DISEASE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 1995  ;74(3):146-156

27
UI  - 1145
AU  - Ahlstrom O
AU  - Skrede A
TI  - Feed with divergent fat: Carbohydrate ratios for blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) and mink (Mustela vison) in the growing-furring period
AB  - A study was carried out to investigate the effect of divergent dietary fat:carbohydrate (F:C) ratios on growth, general health status and fur quality in blue fox and mink during the growingfurring period. The F:C ratios, as percentages of metabolizable energy, ranged from 65:5 to 40:30. Lard and soybean oil were used as experimental fat sources and precooked wheat and oats, and extruded corn as carbohydrate sources. In blue foxes (n=20), higher F:C ratios resulted in increased energy intake (ME), higher final body weight and longer skins. Neither health status nor fur quality in blue foxes was affected significantly by the F:C ratio. In mink (n=64) it was found that with the highest F:C ratios there seemed to be an increase in ME consumption per body weight gain. It was also found that very high F:C ratios had a negative effect on fur quality in mink, possibly owing to impaired guard hair growth. We conclude that blue foxes can tolerate higher F:C ratios than mink
MH  - ALOPEX LAGOPUS
MH  - ARCTIC FOX
MH  - BLUE FOX
MH  - BODY WEIGHT
MH  - CARBOHYDRATE
MH  - ENERGY
MH  - FAT TISSUE
MH  - FUR
MH  - FUR QUALITY
MH  - GENERAL HEALTH STATUS
MH  - GROWTH
MH  - HAIR
MH  - HAIR GROWTH
MH  - INCREASED ENERGY INTAKE
MH  - LAGOPUS
MH  - MINK
MH  - MUSTELA VISON
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - SKIN
MH  - STATUS
MH  - WEIGHT GAIN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1995  ;9(1-2):115-126

28
UI  - 1156
AU  - Ahlstrom O
AU  - Skrede A
TI  - Comparative nutrient digestibility in blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) and mink (Mustela vison) fed diets with diverging fat: Carbohydrate ratios
AB  - Nutrient digestibilities were evaluated in comparative experiments with blue foxes and mink by using six diets differing in fat:carbohydrate (F:C) ratios. In mink, apparent digestibilities of N and amino acids decreased with decreasing F:C ratio. N digestibility, and most amino acid digestibilities, were higher in blue foxes than in mink (P lt 0.01). Fat digestibility in mink, but not in blue foxes, declined as the F:C ratio decreased (P lt 0.05). Fat digestibility was higher in blue foxes than in mink (P lt 0.05). Carbohydrate digestibility was not affected by the F:C ratio, but high levels of carbohydrates were digested more completely by foxes than by mink. The use of mink digestibility values in feed evaluations for blue foxes will consequently underestimate digestibility. Thus, to evaluate feed correctly, separate digestibility determinations should be made for mink and foxes
MH  - ALOPEX LAGOPUS
MH  - ARCTIC FOX
MH  - BLUE FOX
MH  - CARBOHYDRATE
MH  - DIET
MH  - DIGESTIBILITY
MH  - DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
MH  - ENERGY
MH  - FAT TISSUE
MH  - FEEDING/FORAGING
MH  - FUR FARMING
MH  - LAGOPUS
MH  - MINK
MH  - MUSTELA VISON
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A Animal Science 1995  ;45(1):74-80

29
UI  - 1113
AU  - Ahlstrom O
AU  - Skrede A
TI  - Liver fatty acid composition and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidase activity in blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) and mink (Mustela vison) fed diets containing different levels of fish oil
AB  - At the time of pelting (Nov.), blue foxes had a lower liver lipid content (4-5%) than mink (710%), whereas the phospholipid (PL) content was 0.5-1% in both species. Dietary fat content had little influence on total liver fat content but affected the liver fatty acid composition. Levels of n3 fatty acids were higher in the PL fraction than in the remaining fraction of liver lipids in both species. Because PL accounted for a larger part of the total liver lipids in blue foxes than in mink, the proportion of the total liver lipids accounted for by n3 fatty acids was highest in blue foxes. On the other hand, the mink and foxes had about the same quantity of n3 per gram liver owing to higher fat content of mink liver. Analyses of liver lipid fatty acid composition did not reveal any differences between the species in their ability to metabolize n3 fatty acids originating from fish oil. Peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity in the liver was significantly higher in blue foxes than in mink. For both species the total activity rose as the level of dietary fish oil increased
MH  - ALOPEX LAGOPUS
MH  - ARCTIC FOX
MH  - BLUE FOX
MH  - DIET
MH  - FAT TISSUE
MH  - FATS AND OILS
MH  - FATTY ACID
MH  - FEEDING/FORAGING
MH  - FISH
MH  - FISH OIL
MH  - LAGOPUS
MH  - LIPID
MH  - LIPID CONTENT
MH  - LIVER
MH  - METABOLISM
MH  - MINK
MH  - MUSTELA VISON
MH  - N3 FATTY ACIDS
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - PEROXISOMAL ACTIVITY
MH  - PHOSPHOLIPIDS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 1997  ;117(1):135-140

30
UI  - 372
AU  - Akçakaya R
TI  - Population cycles of mammals: Evidence for a ratio-dependent predation hypothesis
MH  - CANIDAE
MH  - ECOLOGY
MH  - FELIDS
MH  - MAMMALS
MH  - MODELLING
MH  - POPULATION PARAMETERS
MH  - PREDATOR/PREY
MH  - RODENT
MH  - TEMPORAL CYCLES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Ecological Monographs 1992  ;62(1):119-142

31
UI  - 2419
AU  - Albalat A
AU  - Potrykus J
AU  - Pempkowiak J
AU  - Porte C
TI  - Assessment of organotin pollution along the Polish coast (Baltic Sea) by using mussels and fish as sentinel organisms
MH  - ASSESSMENT
MH  - BALTIC
MH  - BALTIC SEA
MH  - COAST
MH  - FISH
MH  - MYTILUS EDULIS
MH  - ORGANOTIN
MH  - PDF
MH  - POLLUTION
MH  - SEA
MH  - TBT
MH  - TRIBUTYLTIN
RP  - IN FILE
L1  - c:/Refs/pdf/Albalat-01-02.pdf
SO  - Chemosphere 2002  ;47():165-171

32
UI  - 592
AU  - Alberico JAR
AU  - Reed JM
AU  - Oring LW
TI  - Non-random philopatry of sibling Spotted sandpipers Actitis macularia
MH  - AVES
MH  - DISPERSAL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Ornis Scandinavia 1992  ;23():504-508

33
UI  - 1518
AU  - Alendal E
AU  - De Bie S
AU  - Van Wieren SE
TI  - Size and composition of the wild reindeer, Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus, population in the southeast Svalbard Nature Reserve, Norway
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - NORWAY
MH  - POPULATION
MH  - RANGIFER TARANDUS
MH  - RANGIFER TARANDUS PLATYRHYNCHUS
MH  - REINDEER
MH  - SIZE
MH  - SVALBARD
MH  - SVALBARDREIN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Holarctic Ecology 1979  ;2(2):101-107

34
UI  - 545
AU  - Alexander RD
AU  - Hoogland JL
AU  - Howard RD
AU  - Noonan KM
AU  - Sherman PW
TI  - Sexual dimorphism and breeding systems in pinnipeds, ungulates, primates and humans
MH  - BEHAVIOUR
MH  - MAMMALS
MH  - MAN
MH  - MATING SYSTEM
MH  - PINNIPEDIA
MH  - PRIMATES
MH  - SEX RATIO
MH  - SEXUAL DIMORPHISM
MH  - SOCIAL
MH  - UNGULATES
T2  - Evolutionary biology and human social behaviour: An anthropological perspective
A2  - Chagnon NA
PB  - Belmont, California: Duxbury Press
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  -  1979  ;():403-435

35
UI  - 2224
AU  - Allen JRM
AU  - Brandt U
AU  - Brauer A
AU  - Hubberten HW
AU  - Huntley B
AU  - Keller J
AU  - Kraml M
AU  - Mackensen A
AU  - Mingram J
AU  - Negendank JFW
AU  - Nowaczyk NR
AU  - Oberhänsli H
AU  - Watts WA
AU  - Wulf S
AU  - Zolitschka B
TI  - Rapid environmental changes in southern Europe during the last glacial period
MH  - CLIMATE
MH  - CLIMATE PROXY
MH  - CLIMATE CHANGE
MH  - EUROPE
MH  - GREENLAND
MH  - ICE COVER
MH  - SEDIMENTS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Nature 1999  ;400():740-743

36
UI  - 1639
AU  - Allen TFH
AU  - Hoekstra TW
TI  - The integration of ecological studies - comment on Rowe's article
MH  - DEBATE
MH  - ECOSYSTEM
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Functional Ecology 1992  ;6():118-119

37
UI  - 1600
AU  - Allendorf FW
TI  - The conservation biologist as Zen student
MH  - CONSERVATION
MH  - DEBATE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Conservation Biology 1997  ;11():1045-1046

38
UI  - 1064
AU  - Alling AK
AU  - Whitehead HP
TI  - A preliminary study of the status of white-beaked dolphins, Lagenorhynchus albirostris, and other small cetaceans off the coast of Labrador (Canada)
MH  - BELUGA
MH  - CANADA
MH  - LAGENORHYNCHUS ALBIROSTRIS
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - ODONTOCETI
MH  - STATUS
MH  - WHITE-BEAKED DOLPHIN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Canadian Field-Naturalist 1987  ;101(2):131-135

39
UI  - 461
AU  - Altmann J
TI  - Observational study of behavior: Sampling methods
MH  - BEHAVIOUR
MH  - RESEARCH TECHNIQUES
MH  - SOCIAL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Behaviour 1974  ;49():227-267

40
UI  - 471
AU  - Altmann SA
AU  - Altmann J
TI  - On the analysis of rates of behaviour
MH  - BEHAVIOUR
MH  - RESEARCH TECHNIQUES
MH  - STATISTICAL METHODS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Animal Behaviour 1977  ;25():364-372

41
UI  - 1601
AU  - Alvard MS
AU  - Robinson JG
AU  - Redford KH
AU  - Kaplan H
TI  - The sustainability of subsistence hunting in the neotropics
MH  - HUNTING
MH  - MANAGEMENT
MH  - SPECIES MANAGEMENT
MH  - SUBSISTENCE HARVEST
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Conservation Biology 1997  ;11():977-982

42
UI  - 2814
AU  - Alvarez-Flores CM
AU  - Heide-Jorgensen MP
TI  - A risk assessment of the sustainability of the harvest of beluga (Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas 1776)) in West Greenland
AB  - Risk assessments to assess the efficiency of management procedures to regulate removals of marine mammals have rarely been conducted. Using Bayesian methods, we conducted a risk assessment on a harvested beluga population off West Greenland. The population size in recent years was estimated to be 22% of the size in 1954. Results indicate that current catches are unsustainable and that continuation of this situation represents a 90% probability that the population will become extinct in 20 years. The analyses suggest that the harvest should be reduced to no more than 130 animals. Constant catch quotas represent a greater risk of depletion compared with catch limits that are a function of harvest rate and population size. An alternative gradual reduction schedule is proposed as a viable strategy, reducing the harvest in 5 years and adjusting the subsequent quota using a harvest rate of 0.5 of R-max, with updates in the abundance. This analysis is presented as an alternative for cases where an immediate catch reduction is desirable but not feasible for marine mammal populations that appear vulnerable or in danger and where catch and abundance data are available. (C) 2004 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
MH  - ABUNDANCE
MH  - ANIMAL
MH  - Animals
MH  - ASSESSMENT
MH  - BELUGA
MH  - beluga hunt
MH  - DELPHINAPTERUS LEUCAS
MH  - DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS
MH  - efficiency
MH  - extinct
MH  - FISHERIES
MH  - GREENLAND
MH  - HARVEST
MH  - mammal
MH  - MAMMALS
MH  - MANAGEMENT
MH  - MARINE
MH  - marine mammal
MH  - MARINE MAMMALS
MH  - MARINE-MAMMALS
MH  - MONODON-MONOCEROS
MH  - MORE
MH  - NARWHALS
MH  - POPULATION
MH  - POPULATION SIZE
MH  - POPULATION-SIZE
MH  - POPULATIONS
MH  - probability
MH  - RECENT
MH  - RISK
MH  - risk assessment
MH  - SEA
MH  - SIZE
MH  - STOCK ASSESSMENT
MH  - STRATEGIES
MH  - sustainability
MH  - WEST GREENLAND
RP  - NOT IN FILE
NT  - JAPR
IS  - 1054-3139
UR  - ISI:000220422300012
L1  - c:\Refs\pdf\06337.pdf
SO  - Ices Journal of Marine Science 2004  ;61(2):274-286

43
UI  - 1837
AU  - Amado GM
AU  - Andrade LR
AU  - Karez CS
AU  - Farina M
AU  - Pfeiffer WC
TI  - Brown algae species as biomonitors of Zn and Cd at Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
MH  - BENTHOS
MH  - BIOACCUMULATION
MH  - CADMIUM
MH  - HEAVY METALS
MH  - LEAD
MH  - MONITORING
MH  - POLLUTION
MH  - SAMMENDRAG
MH  - ZINC
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Marine Environmental Research 1999  ;48():213-224

44
UI  - 2601
AU  - Amano M
AU  - Yoshioka M
TI  - Sperm whale diving behavior monitored using a suction-cup-attached TDR tag
MH  - BEHAVIOR
MH  - CETACEA
MH  - DIVING
MH  - ODONTOCETI
MH  - PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS
MH  - SPERM
MH  - SPERM WHALE
MH  - TDR
MH  - WHALE
RP  - IN FILE
L1  - c:\Refs\pdf\05017.pdf
SO  - Mar Ecol Prog Ser 2003  ;258():291-295

45
UI  - 2784
AU  - Amaral AR
AU  - Sequeira M
AU  - Coelho MM
TI  - A first approach to the usefulness of cytochrome c oxidase I barcodes in the identification of closely related delphinid cetacean species
AB  - The DNA barcode initiative has gained particular popularity as a promising tool to assist in species identification by using a single mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). In some animal groups, COI barcodes have proved efficient in separating closely related taxa. However, several issues remain for discussion, namely how efficient this tool will be in animal groups with an unresolved taxonomy. Here, we examined COI sequences in delphinid cetaceans, a group where taxonomic uncertainty still exists. We analysed species belonging to the genera Stenella, Tursiops and Delphinus in the North-east Atlantic using cytochrome b gene sequences for comparison. We obtained values of COI interspecific genetic divergence ranging from 1.47% to 2.45%, which suggests a recent separation of the analysed taxa. S. coeruleoalba and D. delphis were the most similar species, with COI phylogenetic trees failing to separate them. On the other hand, the phylogenetic tree obtained with cytochrome b sequences correctly clustered species with high bootstrap support values. We thus consider that the application of COI barcodes in delphinid cetaceans should be done with caution; not only has the cytochrome b gene been shown to be phylogenetically more informative, but relying only on mitochondrial DNA genes alone may be problematic
MH  - ANIMAL
MH  - ATLANTIC
MH  - bootstrap
MH  - BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN
MH  - cetacean
MH  - CETACEANS
MH  - COMMON DOLPHIN
MH  - CONSERVATION
MH  - CYTOCHROME B GENE
MH  - cytochrome c oxidase I
MH  - DELPHINIDAE
MH  - DNA
MH  - dolphins
MH  - GENE
MH  - GENETIC DIVERGENCE
MH  - GENETICS
MH  - GENUS
MH  - IDENTIFICATION
MH  - MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
MH  - MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA
MH  - MORE
MH  - north-east Atlantic
MH  - NORTHEAST ATLANTIC
MH  - phylogenetic inference
MH  - POPULATION-STRUCTURE
MH  - RECENT
MH  - sequence
MH  - SEQUENCES
MH  - STENELLA
MH  - STRIPED DOLPHIN
MH  - SURVEILLANCE
MH  - TAXONOMY
MH  - Tursiops
MH  - VALUES
MH  - VARIABILITY
RP  - NOT IN FILE
NT  - J
IS  - 1323-1650
UR  - ISI:000247612900001
L1  - c:\Refs\pdf\17237.pdf
SO  - Marine and Freshwater Research 2007  ;58(6):505-510

46
UI  - 347
AU  - Amoroso EC
AU  - Mathews JH
TI  - The growth of the grey seal from birth to weaning
MH  - ASSESSMENT
MH  - BIRTH
MH  - GREY SEAL
MH  - GROWTH/LENGTH DISTRIBUTIONS
MH  - MORTEN
MH  - PARENTAL INVESTMENT
MH  - PINNIPEDIA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Journal of Anatomy 1951  ;85():427-428

47
UI  - 453
AU  - Amos B
AU  - Barrett J
AU  - Dover GA
TI  - Breeding system and social structure in the Faroese pilot whale as revealed by DNA fingerprinting
MH  - ALTRUISM
MH  - BEHAVIOUR
MH  - CETACEA
MH  - GENETICS
MH  - KILLER WHALE
MH  - NORTH ATLANTIC
MH  - NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
MH  - ODONTOCETI
MH  - PILOT WHALE - LONG-FINNED
MH  - REPRODUCTION
MH  - SELECTION KIN
MH  - SOCIAL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Reports of the International Whaling Commission (special issue) 1991  ;13():255-268

48
UI  - 464
AU  - Amos B
AU  - Barrett J
AU  - Dover GA
TI  - Breeding behaviour of pilot whales revealed by DNA fingerprinting
MH  - BEHAVIOUR
MH  - CETACEA
MH  - GENETICS
MH  - ODONTOCETI
MH  - PILOT WHALE - LONG-FINNED
MH  - REPRODUCTION
MH  - SOCIAL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Heredity 1991  ;67():49-55

49
UI  - 2203
AU  - Amos B
AU  - Schlotterer C
AU  - Tautz D
TI  - Social structure of pilot whales revealed by analytical DNA profiling
MH  - CETACEA
MH  - DNA
MH  - EVOLUTION
MH  - GENETICS
MH  - GROUP STRUCTURE
MH  - MAMMALS
MH  - MATING SYSTEM
MH  - ODONTOCETI
MH  - PDF
MH  - PILOT WHALE
MH  - PILOT WHALE - LONG-FINNED
MH  - RELATEDNESS
MH  - SAMMENDRAG
MH  - SOCIAL
MH  - SOCIAL STRUCTURE
MH  - STRUCTURE
MH  - WHALE
RP  - IN FILE
L1  - c:\refs\pdf\amos01.pdf
SO  - Science 1993  ;260():670-672

50
UI  - 180
AU  - Amos W
TI  - DNA-fingerprinting of whale populations. Uidentifisert manuskript
MH  - CETACEA
MH  - GENETICS
MH  - INCOMPLETE
MH  - NORTH ATLANTIC
MH  - NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
MH  - PILOT WHALE - LONG-FINNED
MH  - WHALE
MH  - POPULATIONS
MH  - POPULATION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  -  1919  ;():

51
UI  - 894
AU  - Amstrup SC
AU  - Nielsen CA
TI  - Acute gastric dilatation and volvulus in a free-living polar bear
AB  - A large, adult male polar bear (Ursus maritimus) was found dead on a barrier island north of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska (USA), in June 1987. There were no external signs of trauma. A twisted distended stomach, distinctive parenchymal and fascial congestion, and significant difficulty in repositioning the anterior abdominal organs, indicated that gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) was the proximate cause of death. Polar bears frequently consume large quantities of food at one time and have large stomachs that are well adapted to periodic gorging. The scarcity of food in winter and early spring, combined with voluntary fasting and protracted vigorous activity during the breeding season in late spring may have predisposed this bear to GDV. The relationship between GDV and postprandial exercise emphasizes the need for a better understanding of how the present human invasion of arctic habitats may influence polar bear activities
MH  - ADULT
MH  - ALASKA
MH  - ARCTIC
MH  - FASTING
MH  - HABITAT
MH  - HUMAN
MH  - MALE
MH  - NECROPSY
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - POLAR BEAR
MH  - POSTPRANDIAL EXERCISE
MH  - URSIDAE
MH  - URSUS MARITIMUS
MH  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Journal of Wildlife Diseases 1989  ;25(4):601-604

52
UI  - 851
AU  - Amstrup SC
AU  - Garner GW
AU  - Cronin MA
AU  - Patton JC
TI  - Sex identification of polar bears from blood and tissue samples
AB  - Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) can be adversely affected by hunting and other human perturbations because of low population densities and low reproduction rates. The sustainable take of adult females may he as low as 1.5% of the population. Females and accompanying young are most vulnerable to hunting, and hunters have not consistently reported the sex composition of the harvest, therefore a method to confirm the sexes of polar bears harvested in Alaska is needed. Evidence of the sex of harvested animals is often not available, but blood or other tissue samples often are. We extracted DNA from tissue and blood samples, and amplified segments of zinc finger (ZFX and ZFY) genes from both X and Y chromosomes with the polymerase chain reaction. Digestion of amplified portions of the X chromosome with the restriction enzyme HaeIII resulted in subdivision of the original amplified segment into four smaller fragments. Digestion with HaeIII did not subdivide the original segment amplified from the Y chromosome. The differing fragment sizes produced patterns in gel electrophoresis that distinguished samples from male and female bears 100% of the time. This technique is applicable to the investigation of many wildlife management and research questions
MH  - ADULT
MH  - ALASKA
MH  - BLOOD
MH  - DENSITY
MH  - DNA
MH  - FEMALE
MH  - HARVEST
MH  - HUMAN
MH  - HUNTING
MH  - MALE
MH  - MANAGEMENT
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - POLAR BEAR
MH  - REPRODUCTION
MH  - SEX
MH  - URSIDAE
MH  - URSUS MARITIMUS
MH  - WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Can J Zool  1993  ;71(11):2174-2177

53
UI  - 854
AU  - Amstrup SC
TI  - Human disturbances of denning polar bears in Alaska
AB  - Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) give birth in dens of snow and ice. The altricial neonates cannot leave the den for gt 2 months post-partum and are potentially vulnerable to disturbances near dens. The coastal plain (1002) area of Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) lies in a region of known polar bear denning and also may contain gt 9 billion barrels of recoverable oil. Polar bears in dens could be affected in many ways by hydrocarbon development, but neither the distribution of dens nor the sensitivity of bears in dens has been known. I documented the distribution of dens on ANWR between 1981 and 1992 and observed responses of bears in dens to various anthropogenic disturbances. Of 44 dens located by radiotelemetry on the mainland coast of Alaska and Canada, 20 (45%) were on ANWR and 15 (34%) were within the 1002 area. Thus, development of ANWR will increase the potential that denning polar bears are disturbed by human activities. However, perturbations resulting from capture, marking, and radiotracking maternal bears did not affect litter sizes or stature of cubs produced. Likewise, 10 of 12 denned polar bears tolerated exposure to exceptional levels of activity. This tolerance and the fact that investment in the denning effort increases through the winter indicated that spatial and temporal restrictions on developments could prevent the potential for many disruptions of denned bears from being realized
MH  - ALASKA
MH  - ARCTIC
MH  - BIRTH
MH  - CANADA
MH  - DEN
MH  - DENNING
MH  - DISTRIBUTION
MH  - HUMAN
MH  - HUMAN IMPACT
MH  - OIL DEVELOPMENT
MH  - POLAR BEAR
MH  - RADIOTELEMETRY
MH  - REPRODUCTION
MH  - URSIDAE
MH  - URSUS MARITIMUS
MH  - USA
RP  - IN FILE
L1  - c:\Refs\pdf\Arctic46-3-246.pdf
SO  - Arctic 1993  ;46(3):246-250

54
UI  - 850
AU  - Amstrup SC
AU  - Gardner C
TI  - Polar bear maternity denning in the Beaufort Sea
AB  - The distribution of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) is circumpolar in the Northern Hemisphere, but known locations of maternal dens are concentrated in relatively few, widely scattered locations. Denning is either uncommon or unknown within gaps between known denning concentration areas. The Beaufort Sea region of Alaska and Canada lies in the largest of those gaps. To understand effects of industrial development and proposed increases in hunting, the temporal and spatial distribution of denning in the Beaufort Sea must be known. We captured and radio-collared polar bears between 1981 and 1991 and determined that denning in the Beaufort Sea region was sufficient to account for the estimated population there. Of 90 dens, 48 were on drifting pack ice, 38 on land, and 4 on land-fast ice. The proportion of dens on land was higher (P = 0.029) in later compared with earlier years of the study. Bears denning on pack ice drifted as far as 997 km ( hivin x = 385 km) while in dens. There was no difference in cub production by bears denning on land and pack ice (P = 0.66). Mean entry and exit dates were 11 November and 5 April for land dens and 22 November and 26 March for pack-ice dens. Female polar bears captured in the Beaufort Sea appeared to be isolated from those caught east of Cape Bathurst in Canada. Of 35 polar bears that denned along the mainland coast of Alaska and Canada 80% denned between 137 degree 00'W and 146 degree 59'W. Bears followed to gt 1 den did not reuse sites and consecutive dens were 20-1,304 km apart. However, radio-collared bears were largely faithful to substrate (pack-ice, land, and land-fast ice) and the general geographic area of previous dens. Bears denning on land may be vulnerable to human activities such as hunting and industrial development. However, predictable denning chronology and lack of site fidelity indicate that many potential impacts on denning polar bears could be mitigated
MH  - ALASKA
MH  - ARCTIC
MH  - BEAUFORT SEA
MH  - CANADA
MH  - DENNING
MH  - DISTRIBUTION
MH  - FEMALE
MH  - HABITAT DESTRUCTION
MH  - HIBERNATION
MH  - HUMAN
MH  - HUNTING
MH  - MATERNITY
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
MH  - POLAR BEAR
MH  - PRESERVATION
MH  - RADIOTELEMETRY
MH  - REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - SATELLITE MONITORING
MH  - URSIDAE
MH  - URSUS MARITIMUS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Journal of Wildlife Management 1994  ;58(1):1-10

55
UI  - 831
AU  - Amstrup SC
AU  - Durner GM
TI  - Survival rates of radio-collared female polar bears and their dependent young
AB  - Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are hunted throughout most of their range. In addition to hunting, polar bears of the Beaufort Sea region are exposed to mineral and hydrocarbon extraction and related human activities such as shipping, road building, and seismic testing. As human populations increase and demands for polar bears and other arctic resources escalate, reliable estimates of survivorship of polar bears are needed to predict and manage the impacts of those activities. We used the Kaplan-Meier model to estimate annual survival (with 95% confidence intervals) for radio-collared female polar bears and their dependent young that were followed during a 12-year study in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Survival of adult female polar bears was higher than had been previously thought: cxa S = 0.969 (range 0.952-0.983). If human-caused mortalities were deleted, the computed survival rate was 0.996 (0.990-1.002). Survival of young from den exit to weaning was 0.676 (0.634-0.701). Survival during the second year of life, 0.860 (0.751-0.903), was substantially higher than during the first year, 0.651 (0.610-0.675). Shooting by local hunters accounted for 85% of the documented deaths of adult female polar bears. Conversely, 90% of documented losses of young accompanying radio-collared females were not directly caused by humans. Deaths of dependent young were independent of litter size (P = 0.36), indicating that parental investment in single cubs was not different from investment in litters of two or more. Precise estimates of the survival of independent juveniles and adult males still need to be developed
MH  - ADULT
MH  - ARCTIC
MH  - FEMALE
MH  - HUMAN
MH  - HUNTING
MH  - LITTER SIZE
MH  - MALE
MH  - MATHEMATICAL MODEL
MH  - MORTALITY
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - PARENTAL INVESTMENT
MH  - POLAR BEAR
MH  - URSIDAE
MH  - URSUS MARITIMUS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Can J Zool  1995  ;73(7):1312-1322

56
UI  - 1939
AU  - Amstrup SC
AU  - Durner GM
AU  - Stirling I
AU  - Lunn NJ
AU  - Messier F
TI  - Movements and distribution of polar bears in the Beaufort Sea
MH  - ALASKA
MH  - BEAUFORT SEA
MH  - DISTRIBUTION
MH  - MOVEMENT
MH  - POLAR BEAR
MH  - SATELITTE TRACKING
MH  - SATELLITE TELEMETRY
MH  - URSIDAE
MH  - URSUS MARITIMUS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Can J Zool  2000  ;78():948-966

57
UI  - 2083
AU  - Amstrup SC
TI  - Polar bear
MH  - ALASKA
MH  - ARCTIC
MH  - CONSERVATION
MH  - DEN
MH  - DEVELOPMENT
MH  - DISTRIBUTION
MH  - HISTORY
MH  - MOVEMENT
MH  - POLAR BEAR
MH  - POPULATION STATUS
MH  - RESEARCH PRIORITIES
MH  - URSIDAE
MH  - URSUS MARITIMUS
T2  - The natural history of an Arctic oil field: development and the biota
A2  - Truett JJ
PB  - New York: Academic Press Inc.
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  -  2000  ;():133-157

58
UI  - 1948
AU  - Amstrup SC
AU  - McDonald TL
AU  - Stirling I
TI  - Polar bears in the Beaufort Sea: A 30-year mark-recapture case history
MH  - ALASKA
MH  - BEAUFORT SEA
MH  - HISTORY
MH  - MARK-RECAPTURE
MH  - MODELLING
MH  - POLAR BEAR
MH  - POPULATION ABUNDANCE
MH  - RADIOTELEMETRY
MH  - SATELLITE TELEMETRY
MH  - URSIDAE
MH  - URSUS MARITIMUS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics 2001  ;6():221-234

59
UI  - 2839
AU  - Amstrup SC
AU  - Durner GM
AU  - Stirling I
AU  - McDonald TL
TI  - Allocating harvests among polar bear stocks in the Beaufort Sea
AB  - Recently, First Nation (FN) organizations have entered into agreements with federal and provincial government representatives to remediate radar-line sites in Ontario. These agreements stipulated that FN people would take part in the site delineation and remediation process to gain job experience and economic benefits. One important aspect of the process was protecting FN personnel from contaminant exposure and thus, from potential negative health outcomes associated with the cleanup work itself. In this paper, we describe the safety precautions used by FN workers preparing Mid-Canada Radar Line (MCRL) Site 050 for Phase 2 of the delineation process and the health monitoring protocol that was tested. We measured concentrations of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs as Aroclor 1260), 14 individual PCB congeners, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, nine other organochlorine pesticides, and lead in the blood of Fort Albany FN workers before they started work at Site 050 and approximately a week before they completed their three-month work period in the contaminated zone. No significant differences were found in the paired samples. These results indicate that the safety precautions taken were adequate for the work and the site in question. The monitoring protocol discussed here may be used as a template and modified to meet the specific needs of other projects. The results of this study are important because other Aboriginal groups have entered or will be entering into agreements with government organizations for the remediation of other MCRL sites in Ontario and across Canada.
MH  - HARVEST
MH  - POLAR BEAR
MH  - bear
MH  - BEAUFORT SEA
MH  - SEA
MH  - ORGANIZATION
MH  - SITE
MH  - SAFETY
MH  - MONITORING
MH  - polychlorinated biphenyls
MH  - POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS
MH  - PCBS
MH  - PCB
MH  - PCB CONGENERS
MH  - organochlorine
MH  - ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES
MH  - PESTICIDES
MH  - LEAD
MH  - BLOOD
MH  - CANADA
RP  - IN FILE
SO  - Arctic 2005  ;58(3):233-240

60
UI  - 2454
AU  - Amundsen I
AU  - Iosjpe M
AU  - Reistad O
AU  - Lind B
AU  - Gussgaard K
AU  - Strand P
AU  - Borghuis S
AU  - Sickel M
AU  - Dowdall M
TI  - The accidental sinking of the nuclear submarine, the Kursk: monitoring of radioactivity and the preliminary assessment of the potential impact of radioactive releases
MH  - ASSESSMENT
MH  - KURSK
MH  - MONITORING
MH  - nuclear
MH  - PDF
MH  - RUSSIA
RP  - IN FILE
L1  - c:/Refs/pdf/Amundsen-01-02-pdf
SO  - Mar Poll Bull  2002  ;44():459-468

61
UI  - 2824
AU  - Andersen EK
TI  - Økoturisme til besvær
MH  - eco-tourism
MH  - TOURISM
MH  - WHALEWATCHING
RP  - IN FILE
L1  - c:\Refs\pdf\økoturisme-forskning.no.pdf
L2  - http://www.forskning.no/Artikler/2004/mars/1078820877.46
SO  - http://forskning no 2004  ;():

62
UI  - 2642
AU  - Andersen G
AU  - Føreid S
AU  - Skaare JU
AU  - Jenssen BM
AU  - Lydersen C
AU  - Kovacs KM
TI  - Levels of toxaphene congeners in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway
MH  - DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS
MH  - DELPHINAPTERUS LEUCAS
MH  - NORWAY
MH  - organochlorine
MH  - pollutants
MH  - SVALBARD
MH  - TOXAPHENE
MH  - WHALE
MH  - whales
MH  - WHITE WHALE
RP  - IN FILE
L1  - c:\refs\pdf\11015.pdf
SO  - Science of the Total Environment 2006  ;357():128-137

63
UI  - 1348
AU  - Andersen K
AU  - Sundby A
AU  - Hansson V
TI  - Fine structure and FSH binding of Sertoli cells in the blue fox (Alopex lagopus) in different stages of reproductive activity
MH  - ALOPEX LAGOPUS
MH  - ARCTIC FOX
MH  - BLUE FOX
MH  - FOX
MH  - FSH
MH  - LAGOPUS
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - STRUCTURE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - International Journal of Andrology 1981  ;4(5):570-581

64
UI  - 2198
AU  - Andersen LW
AU  - Born EW
AU  - Gjertz I
AU  - Wiig Ø
AU  - Holm LE
AU  - Bendixen C
TI  - Population structure and gene flow of the Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in the eastern Atlantic Arctic based on mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite variation
MH  - ARCTIC
MH  - ATLANTIC
MH  - ATLANTIC WALRUS
MH  - DNA
MH  - EASTERN ATLANTIC
MH  - GENE FLOW
MH  - GENETICS
MH  - ODOBENUS ROSMARUS
MH  - ODOBENUS ROSMARUS ROSMARUS
MH  - PINNIPEDIA
MH  - POPULATION
MH  - POPULATION STRUCTURE
MH  - SAMMENDRAG
MH  - STRUCTURE
MH  - SVALBARD
MH  - WALRUS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Molecular Ecology 1998  ;7():1323-1336

65
UI  - 2761
AU  - Anderson CJR
AU  - Roth JD
AU  - Waterman JM
TI  - Can whisker spot patterns be used to identify individual polar bears?
AB  - Studies of population dynamics, movement patterns and animal behavior usually require identification of individuals. We evaluated the reliability of using whisker spot patterns to noninvasively identify individual polar bears Ursus maritimus. We obtained the locations of polar bear whisker spots from photographs taken in western Hudson Bay, tested the independence of spot locations, estimated the complexity of each spot pattern in terms of information and determined whether each whisker spot pattern was reliable from its information content. Of the 50 whisker spot patterns analyzed, 98% contained enough information to be reliable, and this result varied little among observers. Photographs taken < 50 m from polar bears were most useful. Our results suggest that individual identification of polar bears in the field based on whisker spot pattern variations is reliable. Researchers studying polar bear behavior or estimating population parameters can benefit from this method if proximity to the bears is feasible
MH  - ANIMAL
MH  - ANIMAL BEHAVIOR
MH  - BAY
MH  - bear
MH  - BEHAVIOR
MH  - DYNAMICS
MH  - FIELD
MH  - HUDSON BAY
MH  - INDIVIDUALS
MH  - INFORMATION
MH  - information theory
MH  - LIONS
MH  - MOVEMENT
MH  - MOVEMENT PATTERN
MH  - natural marking
MH  - noninvasive
MH  - PATTERNS
MH  - photograph
MH  - PHOTOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION
MH  - PLAY
MH  - POLAR BEAR
MH  - POPULATION
MH  - POPULATION DYNAMICS
MH  - POPULATION PARAMETERS
MH  - POPULATION-DYNAMICS
MH  - proximity
MH  - reliability
MH  - URSUS MARITIMUS
MH  - URSUS-MARITIMUS
MH  - URSUS-MARITIMUS PHIPPS
MH  - whales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
NT  - JDEC
IS  - 0952-8369
UR  - ISI:000250944800001
L1  - c:\Refs\pdf\j.1469-7998.2007.00340.pdf
SO  - Journal of Zoology 2007  ;273(4):333-339

66
UI  - 2424
AU  - Anderson DR
AU  - Burnham KP
AU  - Lubow BC
AU  - Thomas L
AU  - Corn PS
AU  - Medica PA
AU  - Marlow RW
TI  - Field trials of line transect methods applied to estimation of desert tortoise abundance
MH  - ABUNDANCE
MH  - FIELD
MH  - LINE TRANSECT
MH  - METHODS TECHNIQUES AND EQUIPMENT
MH  - SAMMENDRAG
MH  - SURVEY - GENERAL
RP  - IN FILE
SO  - Journal of Wildlife Management 2001  ;65(3):583-597

67
UI  - 215
AU  - Anderson I
TI  - Global hum threatens to "deafen" whales
MH  - ACOUSTICS
MH  - CETACEA
MH  - HEARING
MH  - OCEANOGRAPHY
MH  - whales
MH  - WHALE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - New Scientist 1991  ;1752():19

68
UI  - 269
AU  - Anderson SS
AU  - Burton RW
AU  - Summers CF
TI  - Behaviour of grey seals Halichoerus grypus during a breeding season at North Rona
MH  - BEHAVIOUR
MH  - GREY SEAL
MH  - HABITAT
MH  - MATING SYSTEM
MH  - MORTEN
MH  - PINNIPEDIA
MH  - REPRODUCTION
MH  - GREY SEALS
MH  - SEALS
MH  - HALICHOERUS GRYPUS
MH  - HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS
MH  - BREEDING
MH  - BREEDING SEASON
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - J Zool , Lond  1975  ;177():179-195

69
UI  - 231
AU  - Anderson SS
AU  - Harwood J
TI  - Time budgets and topography: How energy reserves and terrain determine the breeding behaviour of grey seals
MH  - BEHAVIOUR
MH  - ECOLOGY
MH  - EVOLUTION
MH  - GREY SEAL
MH  - MORTEN
MH  - PINNIPEDIA
MH  - REPRODUCTION
MH  - SOCIAL
MH  - TIME
MH  - ENERGY
MH  - BREEDING
MH  - GREY SEALS
MH  - SEALS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Animal Behaviour 1985  ;33():1343-1348

70
UI  - 287
AU  - Anderson SS
AU  - Fedak MA
TI  - Grey seal males: Energetic and behavioural links between size and sexual success
MH  - AGGRESSION
MH  - BEHAVIOUR
MH  - DOMINANCE
MH  - ENERGETICS
MH  - GREY SEAL
MH  - GROWTH/LENGTH DISTRIBUTIONS
MH  - MALE STRATEGY
MH  - MATING SYSTEM
MH  - PINNIPEDIA
MH  - MALES
MH  - MALE
MH  - SIZE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Animal Behaviour 1985  ;33():829-838

71
UI  - 270
AU  - Anderson SS
AU  - Fedak MA
TI  - Grey seal, Halichoerus grypus, energetics: Females invest more in male offspring
MH  - ENERGETICS
MH  - GREY SEAL
MH  - GROWTH/LENGTH DISTRIBUTIONS
MH  - PARENTAL INVESTMENT
MH  - PINNIPEDIA
MH  - HALICHOERUS GRYPUS
MH  - HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS
MH  - FEMALE
MH  - MORE
MH  - MALE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - J Zool , Lond  1987  ;211():667-679

72
UI  - 319
AU  - Anderson SS
AU  - Livens FR
AU  - Singleton DL
TI  - Radionuclides in grey seals
MH  - GREY SEAL
MH  - LACTATION
MH  - PINNIPEDIA
MH  - POLLUTION
MH  - RADIOBIOLOGY
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Mar Poll Bull  1990  ;21(7):343-345

73
UI  - 2023
AU  - Anderson.I
TI  - Games whales play
MH  - CETACEA
MH  - INCOMPLETE
MH  - KILLER WHALE
MH  - ODONTOCETI
MH  - ORCINUS ORCA
MH  - PACIFIC
MH  - PLAY
MH  - PREDATION BEHAVIOR
MH  - PREY
MH  - WHALE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - New Scientist 1997 Jan ;():5

74
UI  - 469
AU  - Andersson M
TI  - Temporal graphical analysis of behaviour sequences
MH  - BEHAVIOUR
MH  - RESEARCH TECHNIQUES
MH  - STATISTICAL METHODS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Behaviour 1974  ;51():38-48

75
UI  - 2131
AU  - Andersson M
AU  - Iwasa Y
TI  - Sexual selection
MH  - EVOLUTION
MH  - SELECTION SEXUAL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Trends in Ecology and Evolution 1996  ;11():53-58

76
UI  - 2052
AU  - Andersson Ö
AU  - Linder CE
AU  - Olsson M
AU  - Reutergårdh L
AU  - Uvemo UB
AU  - Wideqvist U
TI  - Spatial differences and temporal trends of organochlorine compounds in biota from the Northwestern hemisphere
MH  - ARCTIC
MH  - ARCTIC CHAR
MH  - BALTIC
MH  - CASPIAN SEAL
MH  - CLUPEA HARENGUS
MH  - DDT
MH  - ESOX LUCIUS
MH  - GREY SEAL
MH  - HALICHOERUS GRYPUS
MH  - HARP SEALS
MH  - HERRING
MH  - MACKEREL
MH  - ORGANOCHLORINES
MH  - PAGOPHOCA GROENLANDICA
MH  - PCB
MH  - PHOCA CASPICA
MH  - PHOCA HISPIDA
MH  - PIKE
MH  - POLLUTION
MH  - RINGED SEAL
MH  - SALMO SALAR
MH  - SALMO TRUTTA
MH  - SALMON
MH  - SALVELINUS ALPINUS
MH  - SCOMBER SCOMBRUS
MH  - SEABIRDS
MH  - TOXAPHENE
MH  - TOXICOLOGY
MH  - TRENDS
MH  - TROUT
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 1988  ;17():755-765

77
UI  - 1835
AU  - Andreev AV
TI  - Energetics and survival of birds in extreme environments
MH  - ADAPTATION
MH  - ENERGETICS
MH  - ENVIRONMENT
MH  - HABITAT
MH  - PTARMIGAN
MH  - SAMMENDRAG
MH  - SURVIVAL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Ostrich 1999  ;70():13-22

78
UI  - 921
AU  - Andriashek D
AU  - Kiliaan HP
AU  - Taylor MK
TI  - Observations on foxes, Alopex lagopus and Vulpes vulpes, and wolves, Canis lupus, on the offshore sea ice of northern Labrador (Canada)
AB  - Observations of arctic foxes (A. lagopus), red foxes (V. vulpes) and wolves (C. lupus) were made on the offshore sea ice in northern Labrador during late winter and early spring from 1975 to 1979 and again in 1982. Red foxes, 1 arctic fox and 1 wolf were scavenging on ringed seals (Phoca hispida) which had been killed by polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Foxes showed a preference, as did polar bears, for active ice areas and exposed coastlines. Some predation of ringed seal pups by arctic fox occurred. Scavenging of unutilized seal remains and predation of newborn pups is probably important to survival of foxes and may also be significant to wolves along the northern Labrador coast
MH  - ALOPEX LAGOPUS
MH  - ARCTIC
MH  - ARCTIC FOX
MH  - CANADA
MH  - CANIS LUPUS
MH  - EXPOSED COASTLINE
MH  - LAGOPUS
MH  - NEWBORN
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - PHOCA HISPIDA
MH  - POLAR BEAR
MH  - PREDATION
MH  - PREFERENCE
MH  - PUP
MH  - RINGED SEAL
MH  - SCAVENGER
MH  - SEA ICE
MH  - URSIDAE
MH  - URSUS MARITIMUS
MH  - WOLF
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Canadian Field-Naturalist 1985  ;99(1):86-89

79
UI  - 1239
AU  - Andriashek D
AU  - Spencer C
TI  - Predation on a ringed seal, Phoca hispida, pup by a red fox, Vulpes vulpes
AB  - A Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) was observed feeding upon a newborn Ringed Seal pup (Phoca hispida) on the sea ice of the eastern Beaufort Sea. Although Arctic Foxes (Alopex lagopus) are effective predators of Ringed Seal pups, this is the first known incidence of predation by a Red Fox on the sea ice
MH  - ALOPEX LAGOPUS
MH  - ARCTIC
MH  - ARCTIC FOX
MH  - BEAUFORT SEA
MH  - LAGOPUS
MH  - NEWBORN
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - PHOCA HISPIDA
MH  - PREDATION
MH  - PREDATOR
MH  - PUP
MH  - RED FOX
MH  - RINGED SEAL
MH  - SEA ICE
MH  - VULPES
MH  - VULPES VULPES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Canadian Field-Naturalist 1989  ;103(4):600

80
UI  - 2766
AU  - Angelier F
AU  - Clement-Chastel C
AU  - Gabrielsen GW
AU  - Chastel O
TI  - Corticosterone and time-activity Black-legged budget: An experiment with kittiwakes
AB  - In vertebrates, the well established increase in plasma corticosterone in response to food shortage is thought to mediate adjustments of foraging behavior and energy allocation to environmental conditions. However, investigating the functional role of corticosterone is often constrained by the difficulty to track time-activity budget of free-ranging animals. To examine how an experimental increase in corticosterone affects the activity budget of male Black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), we used miniaturized activity loggers to record flying/foraging, presence on the sea surface and nest attendance. To investigate how corticosterone affects allocation processes between self-foraging and foraging devoted to the brood, we monitored body mass change of males from capture (day 0) to recapture (day 3). Among control birds, males in poor condition at day 0 spent significantly more time flying/foraging and less time attending the nest site than did males in good condition. Corticosterone treatment affected time spent flying/foraging in interaction with body condition at day 0: corticosterone-implanted males in good condition spent more time flying foraging than control ones; this was not observed in poor condition males. In control birds, change in body mass was negatively correlated with body condition at day 0. This was reinforced by corticosterone treatment and, on average, corticosterone-implanted males gained much more mass than controls. These results suggest that in Black-legged kittiwakes, body condition and corticosterone levels can interact to mediate foraging decisions and possibly energy allocation: when facing stressful environmental conditions, birds in good body condition may afford to increase the time spent foraging probably to maintain brood provisioning, whereas poor body condition birds seemed rather to redirect available energy from reproduction to self-maintenance. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
MH  - activity budget
MH  - activity logger
MH  - ANIMAL
MH  - Animals
MH  - BASE-LINE CORTICOSTERONE
MH  - BEHAVIOR
MH  - BIRDS
MH  - BODY CONDITION
MH  - BODY MASS
MH  - BREEDING PERFORMANCE
MH  - CAPTURE
MH  - ENERGY
MH  - FOOD
MH  - FOOD SHORTAGE
MH  - FORAGING
MH  - FORAGING BEHAVIOR
MH  - foraging decisions
MH  - FREE-RANGING
MH  - hormone
MH  - INTERACTION
MH  - kittiwake
MH  - LIFE-HISTORY
MH  - LONG-LIVED BIRD
MH  - MALE
MH  - MALES
MH  - MASS
MH  - MORE
MH  - PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS
MH  - REPRODUCTION
MH  - REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT
MH  - resource allocation
MH  - RESOURCE-ALLOCATION
MH  - RISSA TRIDACTYLA
MH  - RISSA-TRIDACTYLA
MH  - SEA
MH  - seabird
MH  - SITE
MH  - TIME
MH  - TREATMENT
MH  - VERTEBRATES
MH  - ZONOTRICHIA-LEUCOPHRYS-GAMBELII
RP  - NOT IN FILE
NT  - JNOV
IS  - 0018-506X
UR  - ISI:000250660000009
L1  - c:\Refs\pdf\Angelier2007HB.pdf
SO  - Hormones and Behavior 2007  ;52(4):482-491

81
UI  - 1234
AU  - Angerbjorn A
AU  - Arvidson B
AU  - Noren E
AU  - Stromgren L
TI  - The effect of winter food on reproduction in the arctic fox, Alopex lagopus: A field experiment
AB  - The population of arctic foxes in Fennoscandia is very small and has been so for around 60 years in spite of total protection for over half a century. The reasons why the artic fox population has not increased to its former size are unknown. The population numbers fluctuate highly in relation to vole numbers. There is also very high interannual variation in reproduction among arctic foxes. To determine the effect of winter food availability on reproductive success, we carried out a feeding experiment. The study area is situated above the treeline from an altitude of 700 m to mountains of 1600 m in Swedish Lapland. We added food (reindeer and moose carcasses) to dens during the winter months, January-April 1985-89. To determine the effect of this extra food on reproduction, we made inventories at both food-manipulated dens and control dens. These inventories of dens took place during July so we could check not only if dens were occupied, but also whether a litter was born and assess the number of cubs appearing outside the den. The proportion of occupied dens in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group. The number of cubs at weaning in the food-manipulated dens was also higher than in control dens in each year. However, no effect on litter size was found. From these results we conclude that the larger number of cubs produced in dens with extra winter food shows that reproduction under present dietary poor conditions was limited by available food. Many canid species show this close relation between reproduction and food availability, with pregnancy rates and litter sizes declining with the abundance of the main food
MH  - ABUNDANCE
MH  - ALOPEX LAGOPUS
MH  - ARCTIC
MH  - ARCTIC FOX
MH  - CUB
MH  - DEN
MH  - FENNOSCANDIA
MH  - FOOD
MH  - FOOD AVAILABILITY
MH  - INTERANNUAL VARIATION
MH  - LAGOPUS
MH  - LITTER SIZE
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - PREGNANCY
MH  - PREGNANCY RATE
MH  - REPRODUCTION
MH  - REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS
MH  - SIZE
MH  - SWEDEN
MH  - VOLE ABUNDANCE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Journal of Animal Ecology 1991  ;60(2):705-714

82
UI  - 1162
AU  - Angerbjorn A
AU  - Hersteinsson P
AU  - Liden K
AU  - Nelson E
TI  - Dietary variation in arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus): An analysis of stable carbon isotopes
AB  - We used stable carbon isotopes to analyse individual variation in arctic fox diet. We extracted collagen from bones (the lower jaw), and measured stable carbon isotopes. The foxes came from three different localities: Iceland, where both microtines and reindeer are rare; west Greenland, where microtines are absent; and Sweden, where scat analyses showed the primary food to be microtine rodents and reindeer. The Icelandic samples included foxes from both coastal and inland habitats. the Swedish sample came from an inland area, and the Greenland sample from coastal sites. The spatial variation in the isotopic pattern followed a basic division between marine and terrestrial sources of protein. Arctic foxes from inland sites had delta-13C values of -21.4 (Iceland) and -20.4 permill (Sweden), showing typical terrestrial values. Coastal foxes from Greenland had typical marine values of -14.9 permill, whereas coastal foxes from Iceland had intermediate values of -17.7 permill . However, there was individual variation within each sample, probably caused by habitat heterogeneity and territoriality among foxes. The variation on a larger scale was related to the availability of different food items. These results were in accordance with other dietary analyses based on scat analyses. This is the first time that stable isotopes have been used to reveal individual dietary patterns. Our study also indicated that isotopic values can be used on a global scale
MH  - ALOPEX LAGOPUS
MH  - ARCTIC
MH  - ARCTIC FOX
MH  - BONE
MH  - BONE COLLAGEN
MH  - COLLAGEN
MH  - DIET
MH  - GREENLAND
MH  - HABITAT
MH  - ICELAND
MH  - LAGOPUS
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - PROTEIN
MH  - RODENT
MH  - SCAT
MH  - SWEDEN
MH  - TERRITORIALITY
MH  - WEST GREENLAND
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Oecologia (Berlin) 1994  ;99(3-4):226-232

83
UI  - 1704
AU  - Angerbjorn A
AU  - Tannerfeldt M
AU  - Bjärvall A
AU  - Ericson M
AU  - From J
AU  - Norén E
TI  - Dynamics of the arctic fox population in Sweden
MH  - ALOPEX LAGOPUS
MH  - ARCTIC
MH  - ARCTIC FOX
MH  - FENNOSCANDIA
MH  - FOX
MH  - LITTER SIZE
MH  - POPULATION
MH  - POPULATION DYNAMICS
MH  - POPULATION SIZE
MH  - PREY
MH  - SWEDEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Annales Zoologici Fennici 1995  ;32():55-68

84
UI  - 1640
AU  - Angermeier PL
AU  - Karr JR
TI  - Biological integrity versus biological diversity as policy directives: protecting biotic resources
MH  - BIODIVERSITY
MH  - ECOSYSTEM
MH  - POLITICS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Bioscience 1994  ;44(10):690-697

85
UI  - 1238
AU  - Anikieva LV
AU  - Anikanova VS
AU  - Ostashkova VV
TI  - Host-parasite relationship during toxascaridosis of arctic foxes
AB  - The effect of host infection doze (10, 100, 1000 eggs) and developmental stages of helminths (larvae, adult nematodes) on the relationships in the system "Toxascaris leonina-Alopex lagopus" was studied experimentally. It has been established that 100 eggs are the threshold dose for helminths and 1000 eggs for the host. More distinct changes in the indices are characteristics of the parasite. Dynamics of host-parasite relationships in the development of the parasitic process correspond to helminth developmental stage. Larvae of T. leonina are most pathogenic for the host
MH  - ADULT
MH  - ALOPEX LAGOPUS
MH  - ARCTIC
MH  - ARCTIC FOX
MH  - DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE
MH  - EGGS
MH  - HOST
MH  - LARVAE
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - PARASITES
MH  - PATHOGENICITY
MH  - TOXASCARIS LEONINA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Parazitologiya (Leningrad) 1990  ;24(3):225-231

86
UI  - 1352
AU  - Anon.
TI  - Vertebra length changes in moments of resistance of vertebral bodies in predatory mammals
MH  - ARCTIC FOX
MH  - INCOMPLETE
MH  - MAMMALS
MH  - NOCOPY
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  -  -32676  ;():

87
UI  - 1062
AU  - Anon.
TI  - Characteristics of hearing in the white whale Delphinapterus leucas
MH  - BELUGA
MH  - DELPHINAPTERUS LEUCAS
MH  - HEARING
MH  - INCOMPLETE
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - ODONTOCETI
MH  - WHITE WHALE
MH  - WHALE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  -  199  ;():

88
UI  - 1725
AU  - Anon.
TI  - The international convention for the regulation of whaling
MH  - CONVENTION/AGREEMENT
MH  - WHALING - MODERN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  -  1946  ;():

89
UI  - 1722
AU  - Anon.
TI  - Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals (the Bonn Convention). With appendices as amended 1985, 1988
MH  - ANIMAL
MH  - CONSERVATION
MH  - CONVENTION/AGREEMENT
MH  - MIGRATION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  -  1979  ;():

90
UI  - 391
AU  - Anon.
TI  - Report of the workshop on identity, structure and vital rates of killer whale populations, Cambridge, England, June 23-25, 1981
MH  - ACOUSTICS
MH  - BEHAVIOUR
MH  - CATCH DATA
MH  - COLOURATION
MH  - FEEDING/FORAGING
MH  - IWC
MH  - KILLER WHALE
MH  - LIFE HISTORY
MH  - LIVE-CAPTURE/CAPTIVITY
MH  - MORTALITY
MH  - NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
MH  - ODONTOCETI
MH  - POPULATION PARAMETERS
MH  - SEXUAL MATURITY
MH  - SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Reports of the International Whaling Commission 1982  ;32():617-631

91
UI  - 400
AU  - Anon.
TI  - Norway. Progress report on cetacean research, June 1987 to May 1988
MH  - CATCH DATA
MH  - IWC
MH  - MARKING/TAGGING
MH  - MINKE WHALE
MH  - NORTH ATLANTIC
MH  - NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
MH  - NORWAY
MH  - SURVEY-SHIP
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Reports of the International Whaling Commission 1989  ;39():187-189

92
UI  - 541
AU  - Anon.
TI  - Ninth biennial conference on the biology of marine mammals, Dec 5-9, 1991, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Abstracts
MH  - BIBLIOGRAPHY
MH  - CONFERENCE
MH  - MAMMALS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  -  1991  ;():

93
UI  - 1721
AU  - Anon.
TI  - Agreement on the conservation of African-Eurasian migratory waterbirds. Draft convention text from the First Intergovernmental Session to discuss the AEWA
MH  - ANSER BRACHYRHYNCHUS
MH  - AVES
MH  - BARNACLE GOOSE
MH  - BRANTA BERNICLA
MH  - BRANTA LEUCOPSIS
MH  - BRENT GOOSE
MH  - CONSERVATION
MH  - CONVENTION/AGREEMENT
MH  - GEESE
MH  - MIGRATION
MH  - PINK-FOOTED GOOSE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  -  1994  ;():

94
UI  - 1132
AU  - Anthony RM
TI  - Den use by arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) in a subarctic region of western Alaska
AB  - Distribution, abundance, and use of arctic fox dens located in coastal tundra communities of the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta were determined in studies from 1985 to 1990. Dens were denser and less complex than those described in studies conducted above the Arctic Circle. Eighty-three dens of varying complexity were found in the 52-km-2 study area. Nineteen dens were used by arctic foxes for whelping or rearing pups. Three females relocated litters to multiple dens; a maximum of four dens were used concurrently by pups from one litter. Although red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were common in the region, their use of dens in the study area was minimal. Differences in vegetation at den sites and nearby unoccupied sites were minimal. Furthermore, den sites could not be distinguished from non-den sites during aerial surveys
MH  - ABUNDANCE
MH  - ALASKA
MH  - ALOPEX LAGOPUS
MH  - ARCTIC
MH  - ARCTIC FOX
MH  - DEN
MH  - DISTRIBUTION
MH  - FEMALE
MH  - LAGOPUS
MH  - PUP
MH  - RED FOX
MH  - TUNDRA COMMUNITY
MH  - USA
MH  - VULPES VULPES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Can J Zool  1996  ;74(4):627-631

95
UI  - 1112
AU  - Anthony RM
TI  - Home ranges and movements of arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) in western Alaska
AB  - During the period from 1995 to 1990, radio collars were attached to 61 arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) in the coastal region of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska. Radio tracking using hand-held receivers from aircraft and from fixed towers was conducted to determine daily and seasonal movements of foxes. Intensive radio tracking of 18 foxes from May through July indicated that males used larger areas ( hivin x = 10.22 +- 6.18 km-2) than females ( hivin x = 4.57 + 1.94 km-2) regardless of breeding status. Generally foxes were relocated near ( hivin x = 3.4 +- 2.4 km) their summer home ranges during other seasons of the year. There were no complex social groups of foxes among the marked population. Foxes did not have a definitive preference for any plant community, probably because of the even distribution and abundance of prey throughout all communities. Thirty foxes were relocated repeatedly during a period of at least 10 months, which included the denning season of one year and the breeding season of the next. Of 24 confirmed deaths of collared foxes, 16 were caused by shooting or trapping by local residents and 8 had unidentified causes. Maximum distance moved between relocations was 48.4 km. Males moved farther from initial capture sites in the winter following capture than did females, largely because of greater than 20 km movements by two foxes. There were no seasonal differences in movements between males and females
MH  - ABUNDANCE
MH  - ALASKA
MH  - ALOPEX LAGOPUS
MH  - ARCTIC
MH  - ARCTIC FOX
MH  - BEHAVIOUR
MH  - CAPTURE
MH  - DENNING
MH  - DISTRIBUTION
MH  - FEMALE
MH  - FIELD METHOD
MH  - HOME RANGE
MH  - LAGOPUS
MH  - MALE
MH  - MOVEMENT
MH  - MOVEMENT PATTERN
MH  - NOCOPY
MH  - PREFERENCE
MH  - PREY
MH  - RADIO TRACKING
MH  - RANGE
MH  - SEASONALITY
MH  - SEX DIFFERENCES
MH  - SOCIAL
MH  - STATUS
MH  - TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY
MH  - USA
RP  - IN FILE
L1  - c:\Refs\pdf\Arctic50-2-147.pdf
SO  - Arctic 1997  ;50(2):147-157

96
UI  - 2577
AU  - Araújo MB
TI  - Biodiversity Hotspots and Zones of Ecological Transition
MH  - BIODIVERSITY
MH  - HOTSPOTS
MH  - NOYAKTIGHET
MH  - TRANSITION
RP  - IN FILE
L1  - c:\Refs\pdf\cb-v16n6p1662.pdf
SO  - Conservation Biology 2002  ;16(6):1662-1663

97
UI  - 2524
AU  - Archer F
AU  - Gerrodette T
AU  - Chivers S
AU  - Jackson A
TI  - Annual estimates of the unobserved incidental kill of pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata attenuata) calves in the tuna purse-seine fishery of the eastern tropical Pacific
MH  - CALF
MH  - CALVES
MH  - DOLPHIN
MH  - FISHERY
MH  - FISHERY BY-CATCH
MH  - HUMAN IMPACT
MH  - INCIDENTAL CAPTURE
MH  - SPOTTED DOLPHIN
MH  - STENELLA
RP  - IN FILE
L1  - c:\Refs\pdf\06274.pdf
SO  - Fishery Bulletin 2004  ;102():233-244

98
UI  - 2174
AU  - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
TI  - Heavy metals in the Arctic. Proceedings from AMAP international workshop Anchorage, Alaska, 7-10 September, 1999, 53 pp
MH  - AEPS
MH  - ALASKA
MH  - AMAP
MH  - ANCHORAGE
MH  - ARCTIC
MH  - CIRCUMPOLAR
MH  - HEAVY METALS
MH  - METALS
MH  - MONITORING
MH  - POLLUTION
MH  - TRENDS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  -  1999  ;():

99
UI  - 2097
AU  - Arft AM
AU  - Walker MD
AU  - Gurevitch J
AU  - Alatalo JM
AU  - Bret-Harte MS
AU  - Dale M
AU  - Diemer M
AU  - Gugerli F
AU  - Henry GHR
AU  - Jones MH
AU  - Hollister RD
AU  - Jónsdóttir IS
AU  - Laine K
AU  - Lévesque E
AU  - Marion GM
AU  - Molau U
AU  - Mølgaard P
AU  - Nordenhäll U
AU  - Raszhivin V
AU  - Robinson CH
AU  - Starr G
AU  - Stenström M
AU  - Totland Ø
AU  - Turner PL
AU  - Walker LJ
AU  - Webber PJ
AU  - Welker JM
AU  - Wookey PA
TI  - Responses of tundra plants to experimental warming: meta-analysis of the International Tundra Experiment
MH  - CIRCUMPOLAR
MH  - CLIMATE CHANGE
MH  - FLORA
MH  - GLOBAL CHANGE
MH  - ITEX
MH  - MONITORING
MH  - VEGETATION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Ecological Monographs 1999  ;69():491-511

100
UI  - 329
AU  - Armstrong AJ
AU  - Siegfried WR
TI  - Consumption of Antarctic krill by minke whales
MH  - ALLOMETRY
MH  - ANTARCTICA
MH  - CETACEA
MH  - ECOSYSTEM
MH  - ENERGETICS
MH  - EUPHAUSIIDS/COPEPODS
MH  - FEEDING/FORAGING
MH  - MINKE WHALE
MH  - MYSTICETES
MH  - POPULATION PARAMETERS
MH  - SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SO  - Antarctic Science 1991  ;3(1):13-18