Bogus test? 1.5 = 0b01.10 3.25 = 0b11.01 The fractional part would disappear even if BASIC did keep the fractions. :) As the OP... I point out nobody actually answered my intended question: what if we had no AND, OR, or NOT... is it possible to replicate these from other means? Lost: I consider USR()'ing cheating. ;) cheers, brett